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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it becomes a goal, a prize for the bad guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all of the files you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, some goods store your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach demands extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial provided by each one of these products to get a sense of the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the information still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide safe deletion get more as an option. If you choose something that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the products accumulated here service AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.